131 research outputs found
The Summary Jury Trial
The American judicial system must necessarily rely on a steady flow of dispositions of cases by settlement lest it collapse because of a demand for trials beyond the ability of the courts to try cases. Settlements are achieved through a variety of procedures and techniques, yet many cases result in trials because of the uncertainty about prospective juror perceptions that pervades settlement discussions. Summary trial helps to eliminate this element of uncertainty and, at the same time, provides an additional basis for settlement of cases otherwise committed to trial. This is not to suggest that trial is to be avoided at all costs, but trial should result only in those cases incapable of alternative solutions. The summary jury trial provides one viable alternative
The Summary Jury Trial
The American judicial system must necessarily rely on a steady flow of dispositions of cases by settlement lest it collapse because of a demand for trials beyond the ability of the courts to try cases. Settlements are achieved through a variety of procedures and techniques, yet many cases result in trials because of the uncertainty about prospective juror perceptions that pervades settlement discussions. Summary trial helps to eliminate this element of uncertainty and, at the same time, provides an additional basis for settlement of cases otherwise committed to trial. This is not to suggest that trial is to be avoided at all costs, but trial should result only in those cases incapable of alternative solutions. The summary jury trial provides one viable alternative
The influence of learner characteristics on degree and type of participation in a CSCL environment
Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is often presented as a promising learning method. However, it is also facing some new challenges. Apart from answering the question of whether or not working with CSCL generates satisfying learning outcomes, it is important to determine whether or not all participants profit from collaboration, with the computer as a means of communication. This paper describes the implementation and effects of an experimental program in 5 classes with a total of 120 students in elementary education who, in groups of four, engaged in Knowledge Forum discussion tasks on the subject of healthy eating. The study explores whether or not differences occur in the participation of students who differ in gender, sociocultural background and ability, and whether or not computer skills, computer attitudes, comprehensive reading scores and popularity with classmates are related to student participation. Studentsâ participation in this CSCL environment appears to be dependent on a number of learner characteristics. Girls contribute more words to the discussions than boys do and are more dependent on their computer skills in this production. Students who are good at comprehensive reading also contribute more words. Popularity among classmates appears to influence the degree of participation further. We also found indications that students with immigrant parents write fewer contributions than those whose parents are not immigrants
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Drug-Eluting Stent Use Among Patients â„85 Years of Age in the United States
ObjectivesThis study assessed the comparative effectiveness of drug-eluting stents (DES) versus bare-metal stents (BMS) among patients â„85 years of age.BackgroundDespite an aging population, little is known about the comparative effectiveness of DES versus BMS among patients age â„85 years undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsWe examined 471,006 PCI patients age â„65 years at 947 hospitals in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry between 2004 and 2008 and linked to Medicare claims data. Long-term outcomes (median follow-up 640.8 ± 423.5 days) were compared between users of DES and BMS.ResultsPatients age â„85 years comprise an increasing proportion of PCIs performed among elderly subjects, yet rates of DES use declined the most in this age group. Compared with BMS, use of DES was associated with lower mortality: age â„85 years, 29% versus 38% (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.80 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77 to 0.83]); age 75 to 84 years, 17% versus 25% (HR: 0.77 [95% CI: 0.75 to 0.79]); and age 65 to 74 years, 10% versus 16% (HR: 0.73 [95% CI: 0.71 to 0.75]). However, the adjusted mortality difference narrowed with increasing age (pinteraction <0.001). In contrast, the adjusted HR for myocardial infarction rehospitalization associated with DES use was significantly lower with increasing age: age â„85 years, 9% versus 12% (HR: 0.77 [95% CI: 0.71 to 0.83]); age 75 to 84 years, 7% versus 9% (HR: 0.81 [95% CI: 0.77 to 0.84]); and age 65 to 74 years, 7% versus 8% (HR: 0.84 [95% CI: 0.80 to 0.88]) (pinteraction <0.001).ConclusionsIn this national study of older patients undergoing PCI, declines in DES use were most pronounced among those aged â„85 years, yet lower adverse-event rates associated with DES versus BMS use were observed
ACC/AHA/SCAI/AMAâConvened PCPI/NCQA 2013 Performance Measures for Adults Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, the American Medical AssociationâConvened Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement, and the National Committee for Quality Assurance
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Ă 2014 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation, American Heart Association, Inc., American Medical Association, and National Committee for Quality Assurance Published by Elsevier Inc. Vol. 63, No. 7, 2014 ISSN 0735-1097/$36.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.12.003 PERFORMANCE MEASURES ACC/AHA/SCAI/AMAâConvened PCPI/NCQA 2013 Performance Measures for Adults Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, the American Medical AssociationâConvened Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement, and the National Committee for Quality Assurance Developed in Collaboration With the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Mended Hearts Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Mended Hearts WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, MD, MPH, FACC, FAHA, Co-Chair*; Carl L. Tommaso, MD, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI, Co-Chairy; H. Vernon Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI*; Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA, MACP*; Joseph C. Cleveland, J R , MDz; R. Adams Dudley, MD, MBA; Peter Louis Duffy, MD, MMM, FACC, FSCAIy; David P. Faxon, MD, FACC, FAHA*; Hitinder S. Gurm, MD, FACC; Lawrence A. Hamilton, Neil C. Jensen, MHA, MBA; Richard A. Josephson, MD, MS, FACC, FAHA, FAACVPRx; David J. Malenka, MD, FACC, FAHA*; Calin V. Maniu, MD, FACC, FAHA, FSCAIy; Kevin W. McCabe, MD; James D. Mortimer, Manesh R. Patel, MD, FACC*; Stephen D. Persell, MD, MPH; John S. Rumsfeld, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHAjj; Kendrick A. Shunk, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI*; Sidney C. Smith, J R , MD, FACC, FAHA, FACP{; Stephen J. Stanko, MBA, BA, AA#; Brook Watts, MD, MS *ACC/AHA Representative. ySociety of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Representative. zSociety of Thoracic Surgeons Representative. xAmerican Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Representative. kACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. {National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Representative. #Mended Hearts Representative. The measure speciïŹcations were approved by the American College of Cardiology Board of Trustees, American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee, in January 2013 and the American Medical AssociationâPhysician Consortium for Performance Improvement in February 2013. This document was approved by the American College of Cardiology Board of Trustees and the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee in October 2013, and the Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions in December 2013. The American College of Cardiology requests that this document be cited as follows: Nallamothu BK, Tommaso CL, Anderson HV, Anderson JL, Cleveland JC, Dudley RA, Duffy PL, Faxon DP, Gurm HS, Hamilton LA, Jensen NC, Josephson RA, Malenka DJ, Maniu CV, McCabe KW, Mortimer JD, Patel MR, Persell SD, Rumsfeld JS, Shunk KA, Smith SC, Stanko SJ, Watts B. ACC/AHA/SCAI/AMAâConvened PCPI/NCQA 2013 perfor- mance measures for adults undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, the American Medical AssociationâConvened Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement, and the National Committee for Quality Assurance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:722â45. This article has been copublished in Circulation. Copies: This document is available on the World Wide Web sites of the American College of Cardiology (www.cardiosource.org) and the American Heart Asso- ciation (http://my.americanheart.org). For copies of this document, please contact Elsevier Inc. Reprint Department, fax (212) 633-3820, e-mail [email protected]. Permissions: Multiple copies, modiïŹcation, alteration, enhancement, and/or distribution of this document are not permitted without the express permission of the American College of Cardiology. Requests may be completed online via the Elsevier site (http://www.elsevier.com/authors/obtaining- permission-to-re-use-elsevier-material). This Physician Performance Measurement Set (PPMS) and related data speciïŹcations were developed by the Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement (the Consortium), including the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), and the American Medical Association (AMA), to facilitate quality-improvement activities by physicians. The performance measures contained in this PPMS are not clinical guidelines, do not establish a standard of medical care, and have not been tested for all potential applications. Although copyrighted, they can be reproduced and distributed, without modiïŹcation, for noncommercial purposesdfor example, use by health care pro
Using formative research to develop the healthy eating component of the CHANGE! school-based curriculum intervention
Background: Childhood obesity is a significant public health concern. Many intervention studies have attempted
to combat childhood obesity, often in the absence of formative or preparatory work. This study describes the
healthy eating component of the formative phase of the Childrenâs Health Activity and Nutrition: Get Educated!
(CHANGE!) project. The aim of the present study was to gather qualitative focus group and interview data
regarding healthy eating particularly in relation to enabling and influencing factors, barriers and knowledge in
children and adults (parents and teachers) from schools within the CHANGE! programme to provide populationspecific
evidence to inform the subsequent intervention design.
Methods: Semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with children, parents and teachers across 11
primary schools in the Wigan borough of North West England. Sixty children (N = 24 boys), 33 parents (N = 4 male)
and 10 teachers (N = 4 male) participated in the study. Interview questions were structured around the PRECEDE
phases of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the pen-profiling
technique.
Results: The pen-profiles revealed that childrenâs knowledge of healthy eating was generally good, specifically
many children were aware that fruit and vegetable consumption was âhealthyâ (N = 46). Adultsâ knowledge was also
good, including restricting fatty foods, promoting fruit and vegetable intake, and maintaining a balanced diet. The
important role parents play in childrenâs eating behaviours and food intake was evident. The emerging themes
relating to barriers to healthy eating showed that external drivers such as advertising, the preferred sensory
experience of âunhealthyâ foods, and food being used as a reward may play a role in preventing healthy eating.
Conclusions: Data suggest that; knowledge related to diet composition was not a barrier per se to healthy eating,
and education showing how to translate knowledge into behavior or action is required. The key themes that
emerged through the focus groups and pen-profiling data analysis technique will be used to inform and tailor the
healthy eating component of the CHANGE! intervention study.
Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN03863885
Keywords: Nutrition, Childhood obesity, Pen-profiles, Health, School
The Summary Jury Trial
The American judicial system must necessarily rely on a steady flow of dispositions of cases by settlement lest it collapse because of a demand for trials beyond the ability of the courts to try cases. Settlements are achieved through a variety of procedures and techniques, yet many cases result in trials because of the uncertainty about prospective juror perceptions that pervades settlement discussions. Summary trial helps to eliminate this element of uncertainty and, at the same time, provides an additional basis for settlement of cases otherwise committed to trial. This is not to suggest that trial is to be avoided at all costs, but trial should result only in those cases incapable of alternative solutions. The summary jury trial provides one viable alternative
- âŠ